SEMINAR: CWR Seminar: Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Variability in Dryland Agriculture in Southwest Western Australia

The agricultural region in southwest Western Australia has a Mediterranean-type climate, characterised by winter dominant rainfall and hot, dry summers. The majority of crops are sown in autumn and harvested in late spring. Agricultural production in much of the region contends with hostile soils, low rainfall and inter-seasonal rainfall variability, with terminal drought in spring causing the greatest reduction in yields. In addition, global climate change is already impacting Western Australia through lower average winter rainfall. Despite these constraints, agricultural production increased during the twentieth century due to improved agronomic practices, new varieties and diversification of farming systems. However, climate change threatens future production levels in the region through increased risk of prolonged drought, higher average temperatures, particularly during the critical stage of grain filling, and more extreme temperatures. With high seasonal variability it is essential that maximum grain yields are achieved in average and better seasons. Simulation models can assist with forecasting and identify management strategies that may optimise potential grain yields. Crop simulation models have been widely used to assess the impact of climate change, but the lack of adequate experimental data hinders the accuracy of predictions. The greatest advances in addressing the challenge that climate change presents will come from research leading to a better understanding of crop physiology and genetics that can enhance further genetic improvements. This research is needed now to develop crops adapted to the future climate in targeted growing regions.